Gaius Lutatius Catulus (3rd century BC), Roman general in the first Punic War; consul, 242 BC.
In 241 he commanded a fleet of 200 ships which defeated the Carthaginians off the Aegates Islands.
Showing posts with label carthage. Show all posts
Showing posts with label carthage. Show all posts
Friday, May 22, 2009
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
Roman General: Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Born Publius Cornelius Scipio, about 234 B.C., better known as Scipio Africanus the Elder
After being present at the Roman defeats of the Ticinus (218), the Trebia (218), and Cannae (216), Scipio was given the proconsular command in Spain in 210 B.C.
He captured New Carthage (now Cartagena) the next year and completed his conquest of Spain by 206 B.C. His success countered Carthaginian victories in Italy under Hannibal and won Scipio a consulship in 205 B.C. He then attacked Carthage itself and forced Hannibal's recall from Italy.
In 207 he continued the war in Africa, and, for his defeat of the Carthaginian and Numidian armies in 203 and for his victory over Hannibal at Zama (202), he received the title Africanus.
At the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. he routed Hannibal's army, ending the war and securing Roman supremacy in the western Mediterranean. For this victory he was honored with the new name "Africanus."
In 190 he defeated Antiochus III of Syria at Magnesia, but he became the object of an attack in the Senate, which his popularity with the people helped him to defeat. His daughter, Cornelia, became the mother of the Gracchi. Scipio was the greatest general of his time, a brilliant orator, and a noted Greek scholar.
He died in about 183 B.C.
After being present at the Roman defeats of the Ticinus (218), the Trebia (218), and Cannae (216), Scipio was given the proconsular command in Spain in 210 B.C.
He captured New Carthage (now Cartagena) the next year and completed his conquest of Spain by 206 B.C. His success countered Carthaginian victories in Italy under Hannibal and won Scipio a consulship in 205 B.C. He then attacked Carthage itself and forced Hannibal's recall from Italy.
In 207 he continued the war in Africa, and, for his defeat of the Carthaginian and Numidian armies in 203 and for his victory over Hannibal at Zama (202), he received the title Africanus.
At the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C. he routed Hannibal's army, ending the war and securing Roman supremacy in the western Mediterranean. For this victory he was honored with the new name "Africanus."
In 190 he defeated Antiochus III of Syria at Magnesia, but he became the object of an attack in the Senate, which his popularity with the people helped him to defeat. His daughter, Cornelia, became the mother of the Gracchi. Scipio was the greatest general of his time, a brilliant orator, and a noted Greek scholar.
He died in about 183 B.C.
Saturday, May 16, 2009
Roman General: Scipio Aemilianus Africanus
Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus AKA Scipio Africanus the Younger, Roman general and statesman. Born about 185 B.C. Died Rome, Italy, 129 B.C.
Scipio was adopted by Publius Cornelius Scipio, the eldest son of Scipio Africanus the Elder.
As a youth was present at the decisive battle of Pydna (168).
He served in Spain in 151, and, after Rome had declared war on Carthage in 149, he commanded the Roman army at the Siege of Carthage.
At the start of the Third Punic War he was appointed military tribune to Africa. Elected consul for 147 B.C., he led the army that destroyed Carthage the next year.
After the fall of the city in 146 Scipio returned to Rome, and received a great triumph and the title Africanus.
Scipio served conscientiously as censor in 142 B.C.
He was reelected consul for 134 B.C. and defeated the Numantines in Spain.
In 133 he added to this the name Numantinus, which he received for his conquest of Mumantia in Spain.
After the death of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 B.C., Scipic returned to Rome to lead the conservatives in opposition to the Gracchan reforms.
His sudden death may have been at the hands of his political enemies. Scipio was a patron of Greek culture and of contemporary Roman writers. Cicero idealized him as the epitome of Roman aristocracy.
Scipio was adopted by Publius Cornelius Scipio, the eldest son of Scipio Africanus the Elder.
As a youth was present at the decisive battle of Pydna (168).
He served in Spain in 151, and, after Rome had declared war on Carthage in 149, he commanded the Roman army at the Siege of Carthage.
At the start of the Third Punic War he was appointed military tribune to Africa. Elected consul for 147 B.C., he led the army that destroyed Carthage the next year.
After the fall of the city in 146 Scipio returned to Rome, and received a great triumph and the title Africanus.
Scipio served conscientiously as censor in 142 B.C.
He was reelected consul for 134 B.C. and defeated the Numantines in Spain.
In 133 he added to this the name Numantinus, which he received for his conquest of Mumantia in Spain.
After the death of Tiberius Gracchus in 133 B.C., Scipic returned to Rome to lead the conservatives in opposition to the Gracchan reforms.
His sudden death may have been at the hands of his political enemies. Scipio was a patron of Greek culture and of contemporary Roman writers. Cicero idealized him as the epitome of Roman aristocracy.
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